GRAVITY
The equal and opposite reaction to any and all uncompensated orbital
(Hybrid
straight line and Rotational) acceleration, however caused, in three
orthogonal
motion frames of references as follows:
1. Earth orbit around the Sun in horizontal plane
2. Sun orbit around the Black Hole of Milky way in a vertical plane
perpendicular to the horizontal plane of earth orbit around the sun.
3. Milky Way orbit around the black hole of the Virgo cluster of Galaxies in
yet another vertical plane perpendicular to horizontal plane of #1 and vertical
plane of #2 similar to 3 planes of Yaw, Pitch and Roll of a plane.
Another analogy is
whirling a small mass on a string with hand as anchor
#1 Above your head or below your feet - Rotorcraft blade (Lift Up/Down))
- Aircraft Yaw - Washing Machine - DVD Player - Amusement Park
Centrifuge.
#2 In front of (or behind) you. Airplane propeller (Straight Line
Acceleration) - Aircraft Roll - Clothes Dryer - Gyroscope fly wheel -
Transport (Bike/Car/Train/Bus) Broadside View - Loop De Loop Roller Coaster
Broadside view -
#3 To the side of you (left or right)
Aircraft Pitch - Tail rotor of a helicopter or rotorcraft (Causes Rotorcraft
Yaw) - Straight line acceleration, Firearm recoil - Submarine torpedo
launch, Bike/Car/Bus/Train) transport wheels (End View) Loop De Loop
Roller Coaster (End View).
Right/Left Hand 3 Finger
(Thumb, Index and Middle) Rule
# Axis
Finger Plane
Fingers
Aircraft Motion
1.
V-Thumb H - Index
& Middle Yaw
2.
H-Index
V - Thumb & Middle Roll
3.
H-Middle V - Index
& Thumb Pitch
Note: Even though tail rotor of a rotorcraft is rotating in pitch (#3) mode it
causes Yaw (#1).
2. The disc of the rotor craft is turning/rotating in Yaw mode (#1) it causes
both #2 Roll and # 3 (Pitch)
3. The propeller of the airplane is in mode 2 (Roll) it causes only pitch
#3
In other words
Airplane yaw (#1) is caused by banking Aleroins Rotorcraft (yaw #1) is caused
by tail rotor in pitch mode #3
Airplane pitch (#3) is caused by power Rotorcraft pitch (#3) is caused by
Disc (Mode#1)
Airplane roll (#2) is caused by Opp. Flaps and Rotorcraft roll (#2) is
caused by Disc (Mode #1)
For more information please follow this link with control key and mouse
click concurrently.
http://www.worldsci.org/php/index.php?tab0=Scientists&tab1=Scientists&tab2=Display&id=24
GRAVITY
It is a local contact force of expulsion of
the physical from the virtual mediated by and through infinitude of virtual
particles generated spontaneously in vast empty space inside as well outside
every atom, until the expelled body is at a dead end (AKA STOP) which we
perceive as force of attraction according to Newton’s
universal law of gravitation.
On
the surface of the earth gravity has 3 components.
1.
Fx
is force of expulsion 2. Fc is
centrifugal force 3. Fa is atmospheric force
g
= Fx – Fc – Fa ----(1A) or g = Fx – (Fc + Fa)
---- (1B)
1.
Fx
acts on both bodies smaller (you and I)
as well as massive (earth). In theory each body pulls the center of gravity of the other towards
its own or in other words each body
pushes its own center of gravity towards the CG of the other in accordance with
inverse square law vis-à-vis respective masses. In practice however there is
practically no movement or infinitesimally small as the earth is much more
massive compared to mass of bodies on earth and therefore only the man falls
into pit to be closer to the CG of the earth even though technically the earth
and pit also rise infinitesimal distance towards the man as the man falls into
the pit. At the CG of the earth there is no longer any force and the man would
be arrested there or floating gravity free in a somewhat confined volume.
2.
Cf is the centrifugal force which is in the
opposite direction. It is the reaction to the
force your finger/hand experiences as you rotate/swing a pebble with a string above your head.
Another analogy is sometimes seen at amusement parks where in kids stand along
the inside perimeter of the cylinder with an adjustable floor and as the
cylinder is rotated floor is lowered but the Cf holds the kids fastened to the
inside wall of the cylinder, except in this case the kids (people) are outside
the cylinder or outside the earth sphere.
This phenomenon is what also explains why the gravity is lower at
equator than at poles. At the equator circumference is larger than at poles.
To
some extent the contemporary physics explains this phenomenon of lower gravity
at equator as due to bulge at the equator again due to diurnal rotation of the
earth.
3.
Fa
is the reduction in gravity on the surface of the earth due to the atmosphere
which has again three components as applied to Galileo’s gravity formula and
all in the same direction the opposite direction of the gravity.
(i) 
(ii) 
(iii) 
(iv) 
(v) 
(vi) 
a) Temperature effect at the surface of the earth is
greater which lengthens the pendulum and proportionately increases the time
period of the gravity measurement by this method. We also know from our own
observation at science museums that longer pendulum swings more slowly.
b) Likewise atmospheric pressure also lengthens the
pendulum at near the surface relative to at poles or mountain tops or rarified
atmosphere even higher up. Somewhat like the pressure cooker effect as PV=RT
c) Wind resistance effect. The atmospheric pressure at ground level is
greater than at mountain tops and therefore offers greater resistance to the
pendulum which again swings more slowly.
Accordingly
Fa
= Ft +Fp +Fw ------- 3
Or substituting 3 in the gravity equation of 1A we
get
g = Fx – Fc - Ft -
Fp – Fw ------- 2A
or
substituting 3 in the gravity equation of 1B
we
get
g = Fx – Fc – (Ft +Fp +Fw)
NOTES:
1.
Pioneer
10 & 11 Anomaly
- Fx also better explains the Pioneer 10 & 11 Anomaly. Imagine a body such
as Pioneer 10 or 11 is being expelled in otherwise body free space. Now imagine
it passes through the dead center of two equidistant and equimass bodies. In
such a case the pioneer would continue to be expelled, but in reality it is
hard to maintain such symmetry due to multiple bodies in the firmament and the
fact that no two bodies can take the exact same path. Therefore it is likely
that one or both bodies will be somewhat deviated and even come to a dead end
at some other massive body.
2.
GPS – We can ignore both Fc and Fa at
GPS altitude of 12,000 miles from the surface of the earth or 16,000 miles from
the CG of the earth or 25.6 km or 26 million meters approx and the atmosphere
extends only to a few double digit miles.
We can ignore Fc because there is no
centrifugal force as soon as we leave the surface of the earth (but the gravity
continues for considerable distance) and Fa because there is no atmosphere to
speak of at GPS altitude. (Reconsider the analogy of kids outside the cylinder
as it is rotated kids would find it impossible to hold on to it and as soon as
the contact is broken the centrifugal force has no effect.
3.
The Fx also explains the expansion of the earth
as follows. Same angular velocity of the
orbiting body means greater speed as the radius of the orbit is increased which
is normally constant but it increases as one moves from first order motion to
higher orders of motion and hence higher radius of orbit or more straight line
than lower order orbits.
a)
1st
order motion is the (in addition to the earth’s diurnal motion around its own axis) orbital motion around the sun.
b)
2nd
order motion is the orbital motion of the solar system (as part of the milky way
galaxy ) around the black hole at the center of the milky way galaxy.
c)
3rd
order motion is milky way galaxy orbiting around local group of galaxies.
d)
4th
order of motion is local group of galaxies orbiting around black hole of the
Virgo cluster of galaxies.
e)
5th
order of motion is the Virgo cluster orbiting around the black hole at the
center of the super cluster of galaxies and so on you get the idea until a body
achieves speed of light and vanishes into virtual universe when the mass
becomes zero.
Accordingly each higher
order has higher speed even for small angular velocity w. Every orbiting body
has an angular velocity with respect to orbited body and greater the radius,
the greater is the speed. In higher order motions the orbit is so vast as to
look more and more like a straight line. In other word much of the angular
acceleration is now contributed to somewhat linear acceleration and eventually
the it is so close to the straight line that almost all the acceleration is
translated into linear acceleration as there are practically no other bodies in
the vicinity. Such a body accelerates to soon achieve speed of c and the mass
approaches zero and the body vanished.
4.
Give
Einstein a break for small mistakes of time dilation instead of time
contraction and mass increase instead of mass decrease. He will remain my hero
and great scientist as he stood on the shoulders of Newton who stood on the
shoulders of Giant. As Einstein said Religion without science is lame but
science without religion is blind. Too bad he did not believe in a personal God
5.
Twin
paradox is a non-entity and non-issue as it does not exist. In fact I will go
one step further and go on the limb to declare that there is no such thing as a
paradox, anomaly, contradiction, conflict (name your synonym) in Reality. It
merely is a sign of ignorance, lack of understanding, misunderstanding,
incomplete understanding faulty experimentation faulty input, faulty
observation or the like. As soon as the correction is made the same conflict
vanishes. Associated with every such paradox is an opportunity to correct the
science or religion or any knowledge in between and to learn something new and
to teach the world and posterity same new thing. That can be your legacy.